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Heart attacks are one of the main causes of death worldwide, with women having a greater mortality rate than men. Cardiologists have been concerned about this for decades, and it has sparked debate in the medical community regarding the reasons and repercussions of potential gaps in treatment.
The issue begins with the symptoms: unlike males, who typically experience chest pain spreading to the left arm, a heart attack in women frequently appears as abdomen discomfort radiating to the back or nausea and vomiting. Unfortunately, these symptoms are frequently misconstrued by patients and healthcare providers, with disastrous results. The findings of the study were published in the journal The Lancet. Risk profile and clinical picture is different in women An international research team led by Thomas F. Luscher, professor at the Center for Molecular Cardiology at the University of Zurich (UZH), has now investigated the role of biological sex in heart attacks in more detail. "Indeed, there are notable differences in the disease phenotype observed in females and males. Our study shows that women and men differ significantly in their risk factor profile at hospital admission," says Luscher. When age differences at admission and existing risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are disregarded, female heart-attack patients have higher mortality than male patients. "However, when these differences are taken into account statistically, women and men have similar mortality," the cardiologist adds. Current risk models favor under-treatment of female patients Researchers from Switzerland and the United Kingdom analyzed data from 420,781 patients across Europe who had suffered the most common type of heart attack. "The study shows that established risk models which guide current patient management are less accurate in females and favor the undertreatment of female patients," says first author Florian A. Wenzl of the Center for Molecular Medicine at UZH. "Using a machine learning algorithm and the largest datasets in Europe we were able to develop a novel artificial- intelligence-based risk score which accounts for sex-related differences in the baseline risk profile and improves the prediction of mortality in both sexes," Wenzl says. AI-based risk profiling improves individualized care Many researchers and biotech companies agree that artificial intelligence and Big Data analytics are the next step on the road to personalized patient care. "Our study heralds the era of artificial intelligence in the treatment of heart attacks," says Wenzl. Modern computer algorithms can learn from large data sets to make accurate predictions about the prognosis of individual patients - the key to individualized treatments. Thomas F. Luscher and his team see huge potential in the application of artificial intelligence for the management of heart disease both in male and female patients. "I hope the implementation of this novel score in treatment algorithms will refine current treatment strategies, reduce sex inequalities, and eventually improve the survival of patients with heart attacks - both male and female," says Luscher. (ANI)
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