Physiology or Medicine

Carl H. June, Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunotherapy in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; and Director of the Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, and

Steven A. Rosenberg, Senior Investigator and Chief, Surgery Branch at the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, and

Michel Sadelain, Stephen and Barbara Friedman Chair; Director, Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States

For breakthrough research advancing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for the treatment of cancer

Rob Knight, Director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation and Professor of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States  

For computational and experimental research revealing the complex microbial ecosystems of the human body

Clifford B. Saper, James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, and

Emmanuel Mignot, Craig Reynolds Professor of Sleep Medicine in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States, and

Masashi Yanagisawa, Director of the International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; adjunct professor, Department of Molecular genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States

For genetic and physiological studies of the sleep/wake cycle and the discovery of hypocretin/orexin as important regulators of sleep involved in the cause of narcolepsy

Physics

Federico Capasso, Robert L. Wallace Professor of Applied Physics and Vinton Hayes Senior Research Fellow in Electrical Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

For pioneering research on photonics, plasmonics, and metasurfaces, as well as contributions to the invention of and improvements on the quantum cascade laser

Sharon C. Glotzer, John Werner Cahn Distinguished University Professor of Engineering; Anthony C. Lembke Department Chair of Chemical Engineering; Stuart W. Churchill Collegiate Professor of Chemical Engineering; Professor, Material Science & Engineering; Professor, Physics; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

For demonstrating the role of entropy in the self-assembly of matter and for introducing strategies to control the assembly process to engineer new materials

Stuart S. P. Parkin, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle and Professor at the Institute of Physics of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany  

For research on spintronics and specifically the development of racetrack memory for increased data storage density

Chemistry

James J. Collins, Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological Engineering, MIT; Member of the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology Faculty; Founding Faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University; and Institute Member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and

Michael Elowitz, Professor, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, California, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, and

Stanislas Leibler, Gladys T. Perkin Professor, Laboratory of Living Matter, Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, United States

For pioneering work on synthetic gene circuits, which launched the field of synthetic biology

For the co-invention of next-generation DNA sequencing methodology that has revolutionized biological research

Kazunori Kataoka, Center Director, Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan; Professor Emeritus, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, and

Vladimir P. Torchilin, University Distinguished Professor and Director, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, and

Karen L. Wooley, Distinguished Professor, W.T. Doherty-Welch Chair in Chemistry, Professor of Chemistry, with courtesy appointments in the Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Director of the TAMU Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States

For the development of innovative drug and gene targeting and delivery methods

Economics

Raj Chetty, William A. Ackman Professor of Economics and Director of Opportunity Insights, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

For understanding the determinants of economic opportunity and identifying policies to increase social mobility

Edward L. Glaeser, Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the Chairman of the Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

For penetrating analysis and insights on urban economics and the city as an engine of growth

Thomas Piketty, Professor at EHESS and at the Paris School of Economics, Paris, France, and

Emmanuel Saez, Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States, and

Gabriel Zucman, Professor of Economics, Paris School of Economics and Ecole Normale Supérieure – PSL; Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States

For research on income and wealth inequality and its consequences